PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE (PAD) – is a condition in which there is narrowing or a blockage of the arteries that supply blood to the legs and feet. This can result in decreased blood flow to the lower extremities causing symptoms such as leg pain, cramping and weakness during physical activity.

PAD is often caused by atherosclerosis, a build-up of plague in the arteries that reduces blood flow.  Risk factors for developing PAD include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and a family history of the disease. Diagnosis may involve a physical examination, imaging test such as an ultrasound and angiography.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience symptoms of PAD as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications such as infections and gangrene.

Claudication –  some patients can be treated with balloon angioplasty +/- stenting to improve symptoms. In severe cases where the blood supply deteriorates leading to rest pain or gangrene, angioplasty or sometimes arterial bypass surgery is necessary.

• Open bypass surgery
• Endarterectomy
• Endovascular balooning and stenting
• Atherectomy